25. LIBS en patrimonio cultural: reconocimiento e identificación de objetos en yacimientos arqueológicos sumergido
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LIBS in cultural heritage: exploration and identification of objects at underwater archaeological sites
In this work, the capabilities of LIBS technique for the in-situ recognition and identification of materials in real submerged archaeological sites are discussed. A fiber-optics-based remote instrument was designed for the recognition and identification of archeological assets in underwater archaeological shipwrecks. The LIBS prototype featured both single-pulse (SP-LIBS) and multi-pulse excitation (MP-LIBS). The use of multi-pulse excitation allowed an increased laser beam energy (up to 95 mJ) transmitted through the optical fiber. This excitation mode results in an improved performance of the equipment in terms of extended range of analysis (to a depth of 50 m) and a broader variety of samples to be analyzed (i.e., rocks, marble, ceramics and concrete). Parametric studies in the laboratory such as gas flow pressure, beam focal conditions and angle of incidence, among others, were performed to optimize the best conditions for field analysis. The dependence of LIBS signal with the analysis depth was also studied in a real environment (Bahía de Málaga). Ancient artifacts found in the wreck of Bucentaure (Cádiz, Spain) and the wreck of San Pedro de Alcántara (Málaga, Spain) have been characterized and identified. Results obtained in these field trials confirmed the capability of remote LIBS for in-situ analysis of underwater archeological samples.
Keywords: Underwater analysis; Archaeology; Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Intervention; LIBS; Underwater archeological heritage; Cultural heritage; Historical heritage
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